The species list is based on the 722 species described in the most-used bird guide "Birds of Europe" (by Killian Mullarney, Lars Svensson, Dan Zetterström, and Peter J. Grant; 2000; Princeton University Press), which also includes Turkey, part of north Africa, as well as Canary Islands, Madeira and the Sinai peninsula. Occasional breeders are included. The type of "cavity" considered are tree holes, burrows in soil, rock crevices, niches or holes in buildings. But in some case being a "cavity" or not is still vague. Hope other European Cavnetters can help for further correction. Courtesy of Mei-Ling Bai
|
Scientific
Name |
Common Name |
"Cavity"
Type |
|
Procellariidae |
|
|
|
Fulmarus glacialis |
Fulmar |
burrow |
|
Calonectris diomedea |
Cory's Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Puffinus gravis |
Great Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Puffinus assimilis |
Little Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Puffinus puffinus |
Manx Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Puffinus griseus |
Sooty Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Puffinus yelkouan |
Mediterranean Shearwater |
burrow |
|
Pterodroma feae |
Fea's Petrel |
burrow |
|
Pterodroma madeira |
Zino's Petrel |
burrow |
|
Bulweria bulwerii |
Bulwer's Petrel |
burrow |
|
Hydrobatidae |
|
|
|
Hydrobates pelagicus |
Storm-petrel |
burrow |
|
Oceanites oceanicus |
|
burrow |
|
Oceanodroma leucorhoa |
Leach's Storm-petrel |
burrow |
|
Oceanodroma castro |
Madeiran Storm-petrel |
burrow |
|
Oceanodroma monorhis |
Swinhoe's Storm-petrel |
burrow |
|
Pelagodroma marina |
White-faced Storm-petrel |
burrow |
|
Phalacrocoracidae |
|
|
|
Phalacrocorax aristotelis |
Shag |
rock |
|
Threskiornithidae |
|
|
|
Geronticus eremita |
Northern Bald Ibis |
rock |
|
Anatidae |
|
|
|
Tadorna ferruginea |
Ruddy Shelduck |
burrow; tree (seldom) |
|
Tadorna tadorna |
Shelduck |
rock; tree |
|
Aix galericulata |
Mandarin Duck |
tree |
|
Aix sponsa |
Wood Duck |
tree |
|
Anas platyrhynchos |
Mallard |
tree (seldom) |
|
Bucephala islandica |
Barrow's Goldeneye |
tree |
|
Bucephala clangula |
Goldeneye |
tree |
|
Mergus albellus |
Smew |
tree |
|
Mergus merganser |
Goosander |
tree |
|
Accipitridae |
|
|
|
Gypaetus barbatus |
Lammergeier |
rock |
|
Gyps fulvus |
Griffon Vulture |
rock |
|
Hieraaetus fasciatus |
Bonelli's Eagle |
rock |
|
Falconidae |
|
|
|
Falco naumanni |
Lesser Kestrel |
rock; tree; building |
|
Falco tinnunculus |
Kestrel |
building (sometimes) |
|
Falco vespertinus |
Red-footed Falcon |
rock |
|
Falco eleonorae |
Eleonora's Falcon |
rock |
|
Falco concolor |
Sooty Falcon |
rock |
|
Alcidae |
|
|
|
Alca
torda |
Razorbill |
rock |
|
Cepphus grylle |
Black Guillemot |
rock |
|
Alle alle |
Little Auk |
rock |
|
Fratercula arctica |
Puffin |
rock |
|
Columbidae |
|
|
|
Columba livia |
Rock Dove |
rock |
|
Columba oenas |
Stock Dove |
tree; rock (sometimes); building (sometimes) |
|
Columba trocaz |
Trocaz Pigeon |
rock |
|
Psittacidae |
|
|
|
Psittacula krameri |
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
tree; building |
|
Tytonidae |
|
|
|
Tyto alba |
Barn Owl |
tree; building |
|
Strigidae |
|
|
|
Otus scops |
Scops |
tree |
|
Otus brucei |
Pale Scops Owl |
tree |
|
Surnia ulula |
Hawk Owl |
tree (sometimes) |
|
Glaucidium passerinum |
Pygmy Owl |
tree |
|
Athene noctua |
Little Owl |
tree; building |
|
Strix aluco |
Tawny Owl |
tree |
|
Strix uralensis |
Ural Owl |
tree (sometimes) |
|
Strix nebulosa |
Great Grey Owl |
tree (sometimes) |
|
Strix butleri |
Hume's Owl |
rock |
|
Aegolius funereus |
Tengelmalm's Owl |
tree |
|
Apodidae |
|
|
|
Apus apus |
Swift |
building; rock; tree |
|
Apus pallidus |
Pallid Swift |
building; rock |
|
Apus melba |
Alpine Swift |
building; rock |
|
Apus caffer |
White-rumped Swift |
rock; building (old nest of Red-rumped Swallow) |
|
Apus unicolor |
Plain Swift |
building; rock |
|
Apus affinis |
Little Swift |
building; rock |
|
Alcedinidae |
|
|
|
Alcedo atthis |
Kingfisher |
burrow |
|
Halcyon smyrnensis |
White-throated Kingfisher |
burrow |
|
Ceryle alcyon |
Belted Kingfsher |
burrow |
|
Ceryle rudis |
Pied Kingfisher |
burrow |
|
Meropidae |
|
|
|
Merops persicus |
Blue-cheeked Bee-eater |
burrow |
|
Merops apiaster |
Bee-eater |
burrow |
|
Merops orientalis |
Little Green Bee-eater |
burrow |
|
Coraciidae |
|
|
|
Coracias garrulus |
Roller |
tree; burrow |
|
Upupidae |
|
|
|
Upupa epops |
Hoopoe |
tree; building; burrow |
|
Picidae |
|
|
|
Jynx torquilla |
Wryneck |
tree; building |
|
Picus canus |
Grey-headed Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Picus viridis |
Green Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Picus vaillantii |
Levaillant's Green Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dryocopus martius |
Black Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dendrocopos major |
Great Spotted Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dendrocopos syriacus |
Syrian Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dendrocopos medius |
Middle Spotted Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dendrocopos leucotos |
White-backed Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Dendrocopos minor |
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Picoides tridactylus |
Three-toed Woodpecker |
tree |
|
Hirundinidae |
|
|
|
Riparia paludicola |
Plain Martin |
burrow |
|
Riparia riparia |
Sand Martin |
burrow |
|
Ptyonoprogne rupestris |
Crag Martin |
rock; building |
|
Ptyonoprogne fuligula |
Rock Martin |
building; rock |
|
Hirundo rustica |
Swallow |
building; rock |
|
Hirundo daurica |
Red-rumped Swallow |
building; rock |
|
Delichon urbica |
House Martin |
building |
|
Motacillidae |
|
|
|
Motacilla cinerea |
Grey Wagtail |
rock |
|
Motacilla alba |
White Wagtail
(Pied
Wagtail) |
tree; burrow (sometimes) |
|
Cinclidae |
|
|
|
Cinclus cinclus |
Dipper |
rock (sometimes) |
|
Troglodytidae |
|
|
|
Troglodytes troglodytes |
Wren |
tree, rock |
|
Prunellidae |
|
|
|
Prunella collaris |
Alpine Accentor |
rock crevice |
|
Turdidae |
|
|
|
Ericathus rubecula |
Robin |
tree |
|
Tarsiger cyanurus |
Red-flanked Bluetail |
tree |
|
Phoenicurus ochruros |
Black Redstart |
building |
|
Phoenicurus phoenicurus |
Redstart |
tree |
|
Phoenicurus moussieri |
Moussier's Redstart |
tree |
|
Phoenicurus erythrogaster |
Güldenstädt's Redstart |
tree |
|
Oenanthe isabellina |
Isabelline Wheatear |
ground (rodent burrow) |
|
Oenanthe oenanthe |
Wheatear (N-America) |
rock; ground (rabbit burrow) |
|
Oenanthe pleschanka |
Pied Wheatear |
rock; ground |
|
Oenanthe hispanica |
Black-eared Wheatear |
ground |
|
Oenanthe cypriaca |
Cyprus Wheatear |
rock; ground |
|
Oenanthe deserti |
Desert Wheatear |
rock; ground |
|
Oenanthe finschii |
Finsch's Wheatear |
rock |
|
Oenanthe lugens |
Mourning Wheatear |
rock; ground |
|
Oenanthe monacha |
Hooded Wheatear |
rock |
|
Oenanthe leucopyga |
White-crowned Wheatear |
rock |
|
Oenanthe leucura |
Black Wheatear |
rock; ground |
|
Oenanthe moesta |
Red-rumped Wheatear |
ground |
|
Cercomela melanura |
Blackstart |
rock |
|
Monticola saxatilis |
Rock Thrush |
rock, ground |
|
Monticola solitarius |
Blue Rock Thrush |
rock |
|
Turdus torquatus |
Ring Ouzel |
tree; rock |
|
Muscicapidae |
|
|
|
Muscicapa
dauurica |
Brown flycatcher |
tree |
|
Muscicapa
striata |
Spotted
Flycatcher |
tree; building |
|
Ficedula
parva |
Red-breasted
Flycatcher |
tree |
|
Ficedula
semitorquata |
Semi-collared
Flycatcher |
tree |
|
Ficedula
albicollis |
Collared Flycatcher |
tree |
|
Ficedula
hypoleuca |
Pied Flycatcher |
tree |
|
Paridae |
|
|
|
Parus
palustris |
Marsh Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
lugubris |
Sombre Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
montanus |
Willow Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
cinctus |
Siberian Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
cristatus |
Crested Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
ater |
Coal Tit |
tree; rock |
|
Parus
caeruleus |
Blue Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
cyanus |
Azure Tit |
tree |
|
Parus
major |
Great Tit |
tree |
|
Sittidae |
|
|
|
Sitta
krueperi |
Krüper's
Nuthatch |
tree |
|
Sitta
whiteheadi |
Corsican
Nuthatch |
tree |
|
Sitta
europaea |
Nuthatch |
tree |
|
Sitta
neumayer |
Rock Nuthatch |
rock |
|
Sitta
ledanti |
Algerian Nuthatch |
tree |
|
Sitta
tephtonota |
Eastern Rock
Nuthatch |
tree; rock |
|
Tichodromadidae |
|
|
|
Tichodroma
muraria |
Wallcreeper |
rock |
|
Certhiidae |
|
|
|
Certhia
familiaris |
Treecreeper |
tree |
|
Certhia
brachydactyla |
Short-toed
Treecreeper |
tree |
|
Corvidae |
|
|
|
Pyrrhocorax
graculus |
Alpine Chough |
rock |
|
Pyrrhocorax
pyrrhocorax |
Chough |
rock; building |
|
Corvus
monedula |
Jackdaw |
tree; rock;
building |
|
Corvus
rhipidurus |
Fan-tailed Raven |
rock |
|
Sturnidae |
|
|
|
Sturnus
vulgaris |
Starling |
tree |
|
Sturnus
unicolor |
Spotless
Starling |
tree |
|
Sturnus
roseus |
Rose-coloured
Starling |
tree |
|
Onychognathus
tristramii |
Tristram's
Starling |
rock |
|
Passeridae |
|
|
|
Passer
domesticus |
House Sparrow |
tree; building |
|
Passer
montanus |
Tree Sparrow |
tree; building |
|
Passer
simplex |
Desert Sparrow |
rock |
|
Petronia
petronia |
Rock Sparrow |
rock |
|
Montifringilla
nivalis |
Snowfinch |
rock |
|
Fringillidae |
|
|
|
Bucanetes
githagineus |
Trumpeter Finch |
ground
(sometimes) |
|
Bucanetes
mongolicus |
Mongolian Finch |
ground |
|
Rhodopechys
sanguinea |
Crimson-winged
Finch |
rock (sometimes) |
|
Carpodacus
synoicus |
Sinai Rosefinch |
rock |
|
Carpodacus
rubicilla |
Great Rosefinch |
rock |
|
Emberizidae |
|
|
|
Plectrophenax
nivalis |
Snow Bunting |
rock; ground |
|
Emberiza
striolata |
House Bunting |
building; rock |